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Cost Records Maintenance Under Section 148: What You Actually Need to Track

Cost record maintenance is the first threshold under the cost audit rules — and often the one companies discover too late they've already crossed. Here is what has to be tracked, and from when.

Cost Records · CRA-1 Format
Records structured
Material, labour, overhead tracked

Overview

What Are Statutory Cost Records?

Cost records are the detailed accounting of material, labour, overhead and other costs attributable to a company's products or services, maintained in the format prescribed by Form CRA-1 under Rule 5 of the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Rules, 2014. Any company in a Rule 3 sector with overall turnover of ₹35 crore or more in the preceding financial year must maintain these records — well before the higher cost audit thresholds are even relevant.

Who Needs This

Who Must Maintain Cost Records

Companies crossing ₹35cr turnover
Manufacturing companies
Regulated-sector companies
Foreign companies manufacturing in India

What Gets Recorded

The Core Elements of Cost Records

Material & Labour Costs

Direct material consumption and labour allocated to each product/service

CRA-1 prescribed format
Recorded product-wise, not just at company level
Overheads & Utilities

Factory overheads, utilities and depreciation allocated on a consistent basis

₹35cr+ turnover trigger
Applies once overall turnover crosses this level in a Rule 3 sector
Records ≠ audit

Maintaining cost records does not automatically mean you need a cost audit — that only applies once the separate, higher Rule 4 turnover thresholds are also crossed. Many companies maintain records for years before audit ever applies.

Why It Matters

Why Proper Cost Records Matter

Statutory compliance

Meets the Rule 5 requirement before any audit obligation even arises.

Audit-ready from day one

Well-maintained records make a future cost audit far faster and cheaper.

Real cost visibility

Product-wise costing shows margins your general ledger alone won't.

Better inventory control

Consistent cost tracking improves inventory valuation accuracy.

Pricing decisions

Accurate per-unit cost data supports sharper pricing and quotes.

Inspection-ready

Records can be called for by the Central Government at any time.

How It Works

How We Set Up Your Cost Records

From a records gap assessment to an ongoing CRA-1 compliant system.

Start My Records Setup
Applicability check

We confirm whether Rule 3 and the ₹35 crore threshold apply to your company.

2
Gap assessment

Existing cost accounting practices are reviewed against the CRA-1 format.

3
System design

We design a cost record structure mapped to your products, plants and cost centres.

4
Implementation support

Your finance team is guided through capturing costs in the required format.

5
Ongoing review

Periodic checks keep records consistent and audit-ready year to year.

Before You Start

Documents We Review to Set Up Records

Financial statements
Production & inventory data
Purchase data
Labour cost records

Sector Coverage

Industries We Serve

Electronics
Pharmaceutical
Chemicals
Engineering
Auto Components
Semiconductor
Manufacturing
Foreign Companies

Why SSCOIndia

Why Choose SSCOIndia for Cost Records

ICMAI Cost Accountants
Written compliance position
Fast, no-obligation review
PAN India, foreign entities too

Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

Cost records are the detailed accounting of material, labour, overhead and other costs attributable to specific products or services, maintained under Rule 5 of the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Rules, 2014.

Any company in a Rule 3 sector with overall turnover of ₹35 crore or more from all products and services in the immediately preceding financial year must maintain cost records.

Cost records must be maintained in the format prescribed under Form CRA-1, which sets out the specific cost elements to be captured.

Not necessarily. Cost audit only applies once the separate, higher turnover thresholds under Rule 4 are crossed — many companies maintain records without ever needing an audit.

Cost records, like other statutory financial records, are generally expected to be preserved for at least eight financial years, consistent with standard company record-keeping practice.

Yes, cost records can be maintained in electronic form as long as they remain accessible and can be produced when required.

The Central Government, through its officers, has the power to call for and inspect a company's cost records at any time.

Yes, records must be maintained separately for each product or service falling within the scope of Rule 3, not just at an aggregate company level.

Failure to maintain cost records where required is a compliance lapse under Section 148, which can expose the company and its officers to penalty.

Yes, we design and implement a CRA-1 compliant cost record structure mapped to your products, cost centres and existing accounting systems.

Need Help With Cost Records?

Book a free consultation and get a clear compliance position before you commit to anything.

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